Connected Vehicles in IoT

Introduction

Vehicles equipped with

Capable of :

Challenges

Connected Vehicles

Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Paradigm

Main component of future Intelligent transportation system (ITS).
Enables vehicles to wirelessly share a diverse range of information.
Information sharing may be with other vehicles, pedestrians, or fixed infrastructure (mobile towers, parking meters, etc).
Allows for traffic management, ensuring on-road and off-road safety, mobility for traveling.

V2X

Follows a distributed architecture , where contents are widely distributed over the network.
Not restricted to single source information provider.
Designed mainly for highly to nodes in vicinity, as well as remotely located.
Has greatly enhanced travel efficiency, as well as safety.
The network is mainly used as a tool for sharing and disseminating information.

Failures of TCP/IP in V2X

Designed mainly for handling information exchange between a single pair of entities.
Information exchange dependent the location of data.
Can only identify the address of endpoints, which alone is not useful for content distribution.
Increase in number of wireless devices, restricts the mobility of the nodes.

Content Centric Networking (CCN)

CCN is derived from information centric networking (ICN) architecture.
Focuses more on the data than its actual location.
Hierarchically named data.
Hierarchical data is transmitted directly instead of being part of a conversation.
Enables scalable and efficient data dissemination.
In-network caching allows for low data traffic.
Works well in highly mobile environments.

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANETs)

based on :

Routing protocols derived from MANETs.

Highly throughput achievable in mobile environments

Guaranteed low-latency in mobile environments.

VANET Features

Application of VANETs

CCN for VANETs

Routing

Forwarding and routing based on name of content (not location).
Individual content's name prefixes are advertised by routers across the network.
This helps to build a forwarding information base (FIB) for each router.
The name of content remains same and unique globally.
No issues of IP address management or address exhaustion.
Communication does not depend on speed or direction of nodes.

Scalability

An in-network caching mechanism at each router.
Uniquely identifiable (named) data chunks are stored in Content store (CS), which acts as a cache.
Subsequent requests for a stored data chunk can be made to a CS.
The naming system in the Cs enables a data to be used multiple times, unlike normal IP-based routers.
Reduced network load during increased network size, as a result of the caching mechanism.

Body and Brain Architecture

An in-vehicle networking architecture.
Three layered architecture
The body consists of intelligent networking nodes (INN) which constantly collect information from the vehicle.
The brain manages central coordination.

Sense and Execution Layer